The Fear Factor Essay Example for Free

The Fear Factor EssayThe Salem Witch Trials and the 1950s cherry-red Scare were both the product of fear, hysteria, suspicion, and spurious accusations. These black events in Ameri lavatory history had countless similarities that led to the persecution of many innocent individuals. In many ways, these events were initiated because of human nature and fear of the unknown. It is a infixed instinct of all animals to proceed with caution when presented with something that is different. This reaction is a defense mechanism to protect ones self from potential harm and caused the mass hysteria to spread. Arthur Millers The melting pot and the Witch Trials began with a few young children, Abigail Williams, Marry Warren and Mercy Lewis, accusing some of the towns women of dancing and chanting in the woods. This was the basis for all their evidence, a few childrens stories. In addition, both the incidences had leaders that fed and fueled the hysteria. During the Witch Trials, one of the main Hanging Judges was Danforth. He was a main endorser to the hysteria and fear of witches that swelled throughout the communities. Though Danforth did not directly accuse people of practicing witchcraft, he chose to believe the fits that the children of the jury put on in the court. The Children were believed to be innocent and it was given that their voice was the word of god.The equivalent of the Witch Trial jury during the Red Scare was the committee that charged people of communism. It was named the ingleside Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). They sought out people whom they thought were either communist or a threat to the integrity of America. People were called beforehand the committee if they had any previous connection with communist activities. In the late 1940s, a senator by the name of John McCarthy began what was known as blacklisting.The people, who were believed to be a communist, were added to a list that rendered them shunned and they had to pay a fi ne of $500. Many of these peoples lives were ruined, employers did not want to hire them and their names became less then reputable. In both scenarios, the completely way a person could clear their name was to name others who were involved in witchcraft or who were communists.In conclusion, situations such as these, which are establish on fear and hysteria rather than hard evidence, can only be resolved when the sane people take control. Only then can peace and order be restored to the public. The two developments however both end with tragedy. In the case of the Witch Trials, 20 people were hanged and many others suffered emotional damage. The Red Scare caused numerous peoples reputations to be lost and careers smashed. The inability of people to accept others differences is bound to cause conflicts. Almost every society around the world conforms to the common so as to not attract attention, for some there is little or no toleration.

Life Attitudes of the Government Employees at the City Council of Davao Essay Example for Free

vitality Attitudes of the Government Employees at the City Council of Davao EssayFactors involved in having satisfying statuss atomic number 18 that we should enjoy life, be accountable for our own well being, and think in depots of taking care of our whole person. Positive attitude helps to cope to a greater extent easily with the daily affairs of life. It brings optimism into your life, and makes it easier to avoid worry and negative thinking. If you adopt it as a way of life, it will bring constructive changes into your life, and makes them happier, brighter and more successful. With a positive attitude you see the bright side of life, become optimistic and expect the best to happen.It is certainly a state of mind that is well deserving developing and strengthening. Based on the facts stated above, the researchers opted to investigate the life attitudes of government employees at City Council Davao City. Statement of the Problem This study aimed to investigate the genera l Life Attitudes of the government employees at City Council in Davao City specifically it sought answers the following 1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of 1. Gender and 2. Age? 2. What is the life attitude of the respondents?Is there a significant difference in the life attitude of the respondents when they are grouped according to age and gender? Hypothesis Ho on that point is no significant difference in the life attitude of the respondents when they are grouped according to age and gender. Methodolgy This study made use of a descriptive-comparative design. great deal questionnaires were used as instruments for data collection. The respondents of this study were the employees of the City Council chosen use the simple random technique.The study was conducted by means ofout the City Councils operating hours from Mondays through Fridays starting last January 16 to January 20, 2012 around 1-3 pm. The randomly sampled respondents were asked by the researchers for consent and approval to answer the questionnaire until the desired number of respondents which was 30 has been reached. The data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The mean was used to determine the employees life attitude. The frequency and percent distribution were utilized in determining the employees profile in term of gender and age.

Importance of Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science

Importance of clear-cut maths in computer ScienceComputer comprehension is the study of problems, problem firmness of purpose and the solutions that come come out of the problem solving serve, B. milling machine and D. Ranum (2013). A figurer scientist goal is to develop an algorithm, a step by step list of instructions in solving a problem. Algorithms are bounded processes that if followed will solve the problemDiscrete maths is concerned with structures which take on a separate value practically infinite in nature. Just as the real-number system plays a crucial role in continuous math, integers are the cornerstone in distinct mathematics. Discrete mathematics provides excellent castling tools for analysing real-world phenomena that varies in one state or an different and is a vital tool used in a broad range of applications, from electronic computers to telephone call routing and from personnel assignments to genetics, E.R. Scheinerman (2000) cited in W. J. Rapapor t 2013).The difference between discrete mathematics and other disciplines is the basic foundation on proof as its modus operandi for determining truth, whereas science for recitation, relies on carefully analysed experience. According to J. Barwise and J. Etchemendy, (2000), a proof is any reasoned argument accepted as such by other mathematicians.Discrete mathematics is the background behind many computer operations (A. Purkiss 2014, slide 2) and is therefore essential in computer science. According to the National Council of Teachers of math (2000), discrete mathematics is an essential part of the educational curriculum (Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, p. 31). K. H Rosen (2012) cites some(prenominal) important reasons for studying discrete mathematics including the ability to insure numeral arguments. In addition he argues discrete mathematics is the gateway to advanced courses in mathematical sciences.This essay will discuss the importance of discrete mathem atics in computer science. Furthermore, it will attempt to provide an imageing of important related mathematical concepts and demonstrate with evidence based research why these concepts are essential in computer science. The essay will be divided into sections. Section one will define and discuss the importance of discrete mathematics. The second section will focus on and discuss discrete structures and relationships with objects. The set theory would be used as an example and will riposte a brief understanding of the concept. The third section will highlight the importance of mathematical debate. Finally, the essay will conclude with an overview of why discrete mathematics is essential in computer science.Discrete MathematicsAccording to K. H. Rosen, (2012) discrete mathematics has more than one purpose but more importantly it equips computer science students with reproducible and mathematical skills. Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematics that underpins computer scie nce, with a focus on discrete structures, for example, graphs, trees and networks, K H Rosen (2012). It is a contemporary field of mathematics widely used in business and industry. Often referred to as the mathematics of computers, or the mathematics used to optimize finite systems (Core-Plus Mathematics Project 2014). It is an important part of the high school mathematics curriculum. Discreet mathematics is a branch of mathematics dealing with objects that underside play only distinct separated values (mathworld wolfram.com). Discrete mathematics is used in contrast with continuous mathematics, a branch of mathematics dealing with objects that can vary smoothly including calculus (mathworld wolfram.com). Discrete mathematics includes graph theory, theory of computation, congruences and recurrence relations to name but a few of its associated topics (mathworld wolfram.com).Discrete mathematics deals with discrete objects which are separated from each other. Examples of discrete ob jects include integers, and rational numbers. A discrete object has k instantaneouslyn and definable boundaries which allows the beginning and the end to be easily identified. Other examples of discrete objects include buildings, lakes, cars and people. For many objects, their boundaries can be represented and modelled as any continuous or discrete, (Discrete and Continuous Data, 2008). A major(ip) reason discrete mathematics is essential for the computer scientist, is, it allows handling of infinity or large quantity and indefiniteness and the results from ceremonial approaches are reusable.Discrete StructuresTo understand discrete mathematics a student must have a firm understanding of how to work with discrete structures. These discrete structures are abstract mathematical structures used to represent discrete objects and relationships between these objects. The discrete objects include sets, relations, permutations and graphs. Many important discrete structures are built usin g sets which are collections of objects K H Rosen (2012).SetsAs stated by Cantor (1895 282) cited in J. L. bell shape (1998) a set is a collection of definite, well- differentiated objects. K. H Rosen (2012) states discrete structures are built using sets, which are collections of objects used extensively in counting problems relations, sets of ordered pairs that represent relationships between objects, graphs, sets of vertices and edges that connect vertices and edges that connect vertices and finite state machines, used to model reason machines. Sets are used to group objects together and often have similar properties.For example, all employees working for the same organisation make up a set. Furthermore those employees who work in the accounts department form a set that can be obtained by taking the elements common to the outgrowth two collections. A set is an unordered collection of objects, called elements or members of the set. A set is said to contain its elements. To deno te that a is an element of the set A, we write a A. For example the set O of odd positive integers less than 10 can be expressed by O = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Another example is, x 1 x 2 and x is a real number. represents the set of real numbers between 1 and 2 and x x is the fledge of an integer and x 100 represents the set 0. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, (www.cs.odu.edu).Mathematical Reasoning logic is the science for reasoning, Copi, (1971) and a collection of rules used in carrying out logical reasoning. The foundation for logic was laid down by the British mathematician George Boole. Logic is the basis of all mathematical reasoning and of all automated reasoning. It has practical applications to the end of computing machines, to the specification of systems, to artificial intelligence, to computer courseming, to programming languages and to other areas of computer science, K H Rosen, (2012 page 1).Mathematical logic, starts with developing an abstract model of the proc ess of reasoning in mathematics, D. W. Kucker page 1. Following the development of an abstract model a study of the model to determine some of its properties is necessary. The aim of logic in computer science is to develop languages to model the situations we encounter as computer science professionals, in such a way that we can reason astir(predicate) them formally. Reasoning about situations means constructing arguments about them we want to do this formally, so that the arguments are valid and can be defended rigorously, or executed on a machine.In understanding mathematics we must understand what makes a correct mathematical argument, that is, a proof. As stated by C. Rota (1997) a proof is a sequence of steps which leads to the desired conclusion Proofs are used to verify that computer programs produce the correct result, to establish the security of a system and to fix artificial intelligence.Logic is interested in true or false statements and how the truth or falsehood of a statement can be rigid from other statements (www.cs.odu.edu). Logic is represented by symbols to represent arbitrary statements. For example the following statements are propositions grass is green and 2 + 2 = 5. The first proposition has a truth value of true and the second false. According to S. Waner and S. R Constenoble (1996) a proposition is any declarative sentence which is either true or false.Many in the computing community have expressed the view that logic is an essential topic in the field of computer science (e.g., Galton, 1992 Gibbs Tucker, 1986 Sperschneider Antoniou, 1991). There has also been concern that the introduction of logic to computer science students has been and is being neglected (e.g., Dijkstra, 1989 Gries, 1990). In their article A redirect examination of several programs for the teaching of logic, Goldson, Reeves and Bornat (1993) stated There has been an explosion of interest in the use of logic in computer science in recent years. This is in pa rt due to theoretical developments indoors academic computer science and in part due to the recent popularity of Formal Methods amongst software engineers. There is now a widespread and growing recognition that formal techniques are central to the subject and that a good grasp of them is essential for a practising computer scientist. (p. 373). In his paper The central role of mathematical logic in computer science, Myers (1990) provided an extensive list of topics that demonstrate the importance of logic to many pump areas in computer science and despite the fact that many of the topics in Myers list are more advanced than would be covered in a typical undergraduate program, the full list of topics covers much of the breadth and depth of the curriculum guidelines for computer science, Tucker (1990). The model program report (IEEE, 1983) described discrete mathematics as a subject area of mathematics that is crucial to computer science and engineering. The discrete mathematics cour se was to be a pre or co requisite of all 13 core subject areas except Fundamentals of deliberation which had no pre requisites. However in Shaws (1985) opinion the IEEE program was strong mathematically but disappointing due to a heavy bias toward hardware and its failure to expose basic connections between hardware and software. In more recent years a task force had been set up to develop computer science curricula with the creation of a document cognise as the Denning Report, (Denning, 1989). The report became instrumental in developing computer science curriculum. In a discussion of the vital role of mathematics in the computing curriculum, the committee stated, mathematical maturity, as commonly attained through logically rigorous mathematics courses is essential to successful mastery of several fundamental topics in computing, (Tucker, 1990, p.27).It is generally agreed that students in undergraduate computer science programs should have a strong basis in mathematics and att empts to recommend which mathematics courses should be required, the number of mathematics courses and when the courses should be taken have been the source of much controversy (Berztiss, 1987 Dijkstra, 1989 Gries, 1990 Ralston and Shaw, 1980 Saiedian 1992). A central theme in the controversy within the computer science community has been the course discrete mathematics. In 1989, the Mathematical Association of America published a report about discrete mathematics at the undergraduate level (Ralston, 1989). The report made some recommendations including offering discrete mathematics courses with greater emphasis on problem solving and symbolic reasoning (Ralston, 1989 Myers, 1990).ConclusionThe paper discussed the importance of discrete mathematics in computer science and its significance as a skill for the aspiring computer scientist. In addition some examples of this were highlighted including its usefulness in modelling tools to analyse real world events. This includes its wide r ange of applications such as computers, telephones, and other scientific phenomena. The bordering section looked at discrete structures as a concept of abstract mathematical structures and the development of set theory a sub topic within discrete mathematics. The essay concluded with a literature review of evidence based research in mathematical reasoning where various views and opinions of researchers, academics and other stakeholders were discussed and explored. The review makes clear of the overwhelming significance and evidence stacked in favour for students of computer science courses embarking on discrete mathematics. Overall, it is generally clear that pursuit of a computer science course would most definitely need the associated attributes in logical thinking skills, problem solving skills and a thorough understanding of the concepts. In addition the review included views of an increased interest in the use of logic in computer science in recent years. Furthermore formal te chniques have been acknowledged and attributed as central to the subject of discrete mathematics in recent years.ReferencesA. Purkiss 2014, Lecture 1 Course Introduction and Numerical Representation, Birkbeck University.B. Miller and D. Ranum 2013. Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures accessed on 18.01.15Berztiss, A. (1987). A mathematically focused curriculum for computer science. Communications of the ACM, 30 (5), 356365.Copi, I. M. (1979). Symbolic Logic (5th ed.). New York MacmillanCore-Plus Mathematics Project 2014 Discrete Mathematics available at http//www.wmich.edu/cpmp/parentresource/discrete.html accessed on 25.01.146. D W Kucker Notes on Mathematical Logic University of Maryland, College Park. Available at http//www.math.umd.edu/dkueker/712.pdf Accessed on 24.01.15Denning, P. J. (chair). (1989). Computing as a discipline. Communications of the ACM, 32 (1), 923.Dijkstra, E. W. (1989). On the cruelty of really teaching computing science. Communications of the ACM, 32 (12), 13981404.Discrete and Continuous Data, (2008). environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. Available at http//webhelp.esri.com/arcgisdesktop/9.2/index.cfm?TopicName=Discrete%20and%20continuous%20data accessed on 18.01.15.Discrete Structures (2010) available at http//www.cs.odu.edu/toida/nerzic/content/schedule/schedule.htmlday3 accessed on 25.01.15Edward R. Scheinerman (2000), Mathematics, A Discrete Introduction (Brooks/Cole, pacific Grove, CA, 2000) xviixviii. Cited in W. J. Rapaport (2013). Discrete Structures. What is Discrete Maths? available from http//www.cse.buffalo.edu/rapaport/191/whatisdiscmath.html-20130629 accessed on 25.01.2015Galton, A. (1992). Logic as a Formal Method. The Computer Journal 35 (5), 431440Gibbs, N. E., Tucker, A. B. (1986). A model curriculum for a liberal arts degree in computer science. Communications of the ACM 29 (3), 202210Goldson, D., Reeves, S., Bornat, R. (1993). A review of several programs for the teaching of logic. The C omputer Journal, 36 (4), 373386.Gries, D. (1990). Calculation and discrimination A more effective curriculum. Communications of the ACM. 34 (3). 4455.16. http//www.cs.odu.edu/toida/nerzic/content/intro2discrete/intro2discrete.html Introduction to Discrete Structures Whats and WhysIEEE Model platform Committee. (1983). The 1983 IEEE Computer Society Model Program in Computer Science and Engineering. IEEE Computer Society. Educational Activities BoardJ. Barwise and J. Etchemendy, Language, Proof and Logic, Seven Bridges Press, New York, 2000, ISBN 1-889119-08-3.J. L. Bell Oppositions and Paradoxes in Mathematics and Philosophy available at http//publish.uwo.ca/jbell/Oppositions%20and%20Paradoxes%20in%20Mathematics2.pdf accessed on 25.01.201520. K. H Rosen 2012 Discrete Mathematics and its Applications, 7edn, Monmouth University.Myers, Jr. J. P. (1990). The Central role of mathematical logic in computer science. SIGCSE Bulletin, 22 (1), 2226.Ralston, A. (Ed.) (1989). Discrete Mathem atics in the First Two Years. MAA Notes No. 15. The Mathematical Association of America.Ralston, A., Shaw, M. (1980). course 78 Is computer science really that unmathematical? Communications of the ACM, 23 (2), 6770.Rota, G.-C. (1997). The phenomenology of mathematical proof. Syntheses, 111183-196.S. Waner S. R. Costenoble (1996) Introduction to Logic.Saiedian, H. (1992). Mathematics of computing. Computer Science Education, 3 (3), 203-221.Shaw, M. (Ed.) (1985). The Carnegie-Mellon Curriculum for Undergraduate Computer Science. New York Springer-VerlagSperschneider, V., Antoniou, G. (1991). Logic A foundation for computer science International Computer Science Series. Reading, MA Addison- WesleyThe National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000). Principles and Standards for School Mathematics.Tucker, A. B. (Ed.) (1990). Computing Curricula 1991 Report of the ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Curriculum Task Force Final Draft, December 17. ACM Order Number 201910. IEEE Computer Society Pres s Order Number 2220

The Problem of Global Warming

The worry of orbiculate melting ball-shaped warmingworld(a) warming raises umteen fears in our planet Earth. Global warming happens when the temperature of the earth rises. Global warming is a natural phenomenon. The increase of the temperature happens gradually in resulting to the aureole store the amounts of heat which emitting from the sun and the increasing of the concentration of gases such as carbon dioxide. Gases such as carbon- dioxide and other gases take the heat from the sun later that these gases radiates again. Greenhouse gases effects badly on the layer of ozone and this gases rise harmful rays from the sun, which enter easily on our Earth and damage the earth. This operation done in the atmosphere and damages also many people, plants, and animals. there argon many paradox and fears arising from the Global Warming. It effects badly on human health and on the ocean level. There are many dashs and solution for reducing the damages of Global Warming equivalent g rowing trees and using the alternative aptitude instead of using the fossil energy and cool.Global Warming is very dangerous problem in our earth. It is the increasing of the temperature on the earth. The emission of babys room like carbon dioxide result to increase the temperature of the earth. These greenhouse gases damage the layer of ozone. Global warming is the principle of changing the weather patterns. Global warming damages many areas and caused many problem such as flood, drought and earthquake.We face many problem in our time. Global warming one of this problems. Many damages and problem happen behind this phenomena. Global Warming effects badly on our heath. Our ground faced various changes. Most of these changes that damage the earth and our life is the Global warming. In the last years, there are many changes happened by persons not by the nature. Persons do many things financial aided to Global Warming enter in our earth. great deal nowadays cut tree. Cutting trees lead to the presence of Global Warming and other things.There are many effects of Global warming in our world. Our living could be in danger if Global warming remaining. One of the most danger effects of Global warming on our world, it changes the degree of the temperature. The increasing in the temperature of the atmosphere, leads to the increasing in temperature in the summer and severe decreasing temperature in winter. The second effect of Global warming is the rising in sea level. When the sea level caused by the Global warming, Many problem happen and there are many serious problems. These problems are vey difficult to solve. There are many sources said that the world will face crises in water in some areas of the world if Global warming continues. The third effects of Global warming is effecting on the human heath and put them in risk and problems. One of the most diseases arising from the Global Warming is the tropical diseases because when the temperature rises more and mor e, people septic badly by the tropical diseases.To reduce the bad problems of Global warming, we can do our best to control the damages of gasses into the environment. We can follow many step for reducing the problems sever of Global Warming. One of these controlling to face the phenomenon of the Global Warming to save our planet from damaging, the country should put strong laws to face the dangers of the greenhouse gasses and pollution. The second solution to control the Global warming is planting our trees. These trees absorb gases that causes by the Global warming. Trees help to reduce the damages of Global Warming. The third way to hold open the damages of Global Warming is to use the alternative energy like wind, the sun and water for reducing the use of fossil energy and coal.There are many causing behind the mishap of the phenomenon of Global Warming. One of causing is the increasing of gasses such as carbon dioxide, water vapor. These gases make to prevent the temperatur e from exiting from the atmosphere. This is mean that these gases remain within the atmosphere. The second causes of incident the phenomenon of Global Warming is the cutting of trees because trees help to reduce this phenomenon. Using many gases in purpose of infrigidation and cooling helping to damaging the ozone layer. Building many houses in agricultural areas because of the building homes in these places helped to increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Natural phenomenon also helped to happening the Global warming such as volcanoes, forest fires and Earthquakes.Finally, Global Warming is a big problem we should do our best to prevent this phenomenon. Global Warming damages people, plants and animals. There are many means must be done to reduce Global Warming. Using alternative energy and growing plants help to prevent this ephemeron. We know that persons play big piece in spreading this phenomena by cutting trees and building houses in green lands. People play role in hap pening global warming by generating electricity. They produce a huge amount of energy by electricity by producing Co2 and atmosphere store heats which coming from the sun, which lead to happening the Global Warming. Global warming caused to make the summer very hot and the winter very cool. Many people, animals and plants died because of the happening of Global warming. Global Warming is a serious problem, we should prevent it to safe our life.ReferencesGlobal Warming Essay. (2017, Feb 13). Global Warming Essay. Retrieved from global-warming-essay http//www.global-warming-essay.com/Problem and Solution Global Warming. (2017, Feb 13). Problem and Solution Global Warming. Retrieved from admc.hct.ac.ae http//www.admc.hct.ac.ae/hd1/english/probsoln/prob_solv_gw2.htmVarious Contributors. (2016, Nov 8). What is Global Warming. Retrieved from importantindia.com http//www.importantindia.com/24273/what-is-global-warming/

Evaluating Customer Retention Methods used by Coca Cola

Evaluating Customer Retention Methods used by Coca the skinnyA consumer is a person who spots a need or desire, and then looks for the best way to assemble his or her need either by purchase or acquisition (Solomon et al, 2010). Consumer behaviour as defined by Solomon et al (2006) is the processes involved when individuals or groups select, purchase, use or dispose of products, services, ideas, or experiences to satisfy needs or desires. Customer retention is vital these sidereal days and organisations be looking for the best way to please and satisfy the intimacy of their consumers. According to subscribe to (2009), the understanding of the buyers behaviour makes marketing strategies and plan come out successful. The Coca-Cola confederation is soft salute industry that has been able-bodied to build its defect loyalty with its consumers everywhere its years of operation, notwithstanding the highly competitive market (Euromonitor, 2010). But this success would not have been realistic without understanding who the consumer is, what the consumer needs and how the consumer exculpates. The Economic recession was a trying time for companies which led to the closures of some and loss for studyity, the soft drink industry is not an exception and Coca- cola which falls under the soft drink industry will be analysed on how effective the management of their consumers was to in ensuring their survival in the recession.1.1 A brief summary of The Coca- Cola operationsThe Coca-Cola Company (TCCC) is the givingst manufacturer, distributor and marketer of non alcoholic beverage, concentrates and syrups in the world. Coca-cola has a portfolio of more than 3,300 beverages, from diet and regular sparkling beverages to still beverages such as 100 percent harvest juices and fruit drinks, waters, sports and energy drinks, teas and coffees, and milk-and soy- base beverages, which are now sold in more than 200 countries in the world. (Coca-cola, 2010).Coca- cola firs t got to Britain in the year 1900, after Charles Candler brought a jug of syrup along on a visit to England. Soon after, in the early 1920s, it went on sale at the London Coliseum and in Selfridges. Since then coca-cola Britain has come up with innovative soft drinks namely Coca-cola Diet Coke Coca-cola zero Sprite Sprite zero FantaFanta Zero 5 alive(p vehementicate) Schweppes Schweppes zero Powerade Powerade zero Kia ora Kia ora(no added swag) Dr. Pepper Dr. Pepper zero Lilt Lilt Zero Oasis Oasis extra light Glaceau vitamin water and Relentless. (Coca-cola, 2010) With about 4,650 employees, Coca-cola GB claims to have sold 228million cases in 2008.Pic. 1.1 The Coca-Cola Company considerable Britain brandsAvailable on this link- http//www.coca-cola.co.uk/brands/1.2 An overview of the soft drink industry in Great BritainMintel (2010) stated that close to one-quarter of companies in the UK soft drinks market is growing at more than 10% per year. Some of the main players in the UK soft drink industry include Coca-cola, Pepsi cola UK, tropical UK, Nestle UK etc to mention but a few. The British Soft Drinks Associations 2010 UK Soft Drinks Report found that the overall market grew by 1.7% in 2009, with total ingestion pass watering 14,140 million litres, at a retail value of 13.224 billion (Mintel, 2010). The British Soft Drinks Assocaition (2010) stated that it was encouraging to see that the soft drinks market was holding up during the stinting downturn. According to M intel (2010), for the second year running, Coca-cola topped interbrands best global brands table, placing it above its competitors in the soft drink industry. The coca-cola company has keep to focus on expanding its business through taking tactical places in niche soft drinks producers, by purchasing a stake in UK charmer producer, Innocent Drinks (Euromonitor, 2010).1.3 The recession in United KingdomRecessions occur during the down or contraction phase of the business cycle. The term bu siness cycle refers to the beaten(prenominal) ups and downs of economic activity. (Pearce and Michael 2006). Furthermore, Pearce and Micheal (2006) opined that recessions cause signifi adviset declines in resources available to the firm because customers pass off less, l closeers lend less, and competitive rivalry increases. Initially, the behaviour of consumers changes during recessions. They have less money to spend and cut back personal spending in response to the overall decline in economic activity. Industrial and business customers may become disloyal, prerequisite renegotiated contract terms, and alter purchase patterns. Also by Pride and Ferrell (1995), recession is a stage in the business cycle during which unemployment rises and total buying antecedent declines, stifling both consumers and business peopless propensity to spend.The UK sparing was growing faster than the average for the Euro zone throughout most of this decade. However, an abrupt slowdown began in 2008 and the economy entered a recession in the third quarter. According to Euromonitor (2010), real gross domestic profit fell by 4.9% in 2009, making this the UKs longest post-war recession. The UK has been harder touch on than many countries because of its large financial sector. The fiscal position has deteriorated over the past several years. The deficit was pushed even higher as a result of the bailout of large banks. The procedure of unemployed in any case rose by 50% during the recession with 800,000 jobs being lost (Euromonitor, 2010). The recession led to business closures, job losses and a lack of employment opportunities in the UK (Athey, 2009). This first global recession in the young era of globalization, started in the US, spread to Europe, and eventually became global its the worst economic crisis since the great depression. (Stiglitz and Joseph, 2009).1.4 The Coca-Cola Company and the recessionTCCCs gross profit margin decreased to 64.2 percent in 2009 from 64.4 perc ent in 2008, primarily due to foreign bullion fluctuations, adverse geographic mix as a result of expansion in their up and coming markets, current focus to steer better sensitive initiatives across different major markets and unfavourable channel and marketing mix in some certain markets. (Coca-Cola, 2010).Even though there was a repulse decrease (0.2%) in their profit margin compared to the previous year, TCCC arguably performed well despite the economic downturn.The unit case record book in TCCC is one of the measures of the thorough strength of the company because it helps to measure progress at their consumer level. In Europe, the sales volume of year ended 2009 versus year ended 2008 shows that the unit case volume in Europe decreased 1 percent, caused mainly by the ongoing hard macroeconomic situations in most part of Europe. These hard macroeconomic conditions influenced major markets and caused a decline in the unit case volume of 8 percent in South and Eastern Europe, 4 percent in Iberia and 2 percent in Germany. The volume declines in these markets were partially made up for by 6 percent unit case volume growth in France and 4 percent growth in Great Britain.(Coca-cola, 2010). card 1.1- Financial result of The Coca-Cola CompanyYear Ended December 31, 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005(In millions except per share data) digest OF OPERATIONSNet operating revenues $ 30,990 $ 31,944 $ 28,857 $ 24,088 $ 23,104Net income attributable to shareholders 6,824 5,807 5, 981 5, 080 5, 872GROSS PROFIT 19,902 20,570 18,451GROSS PROFIT MARGIN 64.2% 64.4% 63.9%PER SHARE DATABasic net income $ 2.95 $ 2.51 $ 2.59 $ 2.16 $ 2.04 thin net income 2.93 2.49 2.57 2.16 2.04Cash dividends 1.64 1.52 1.36 1.24 1.12BALANCE SHEET DATATotal assets $ 48,671 $ 40,519 $ 43,269 $ 29,963 $ 29,427Long-term debt 5,059 2,781 3,277 1,314 1,1541.5 Scope of StudyThe interest of this study lies mainly with The Coca-cola Company, focusing on Coca-cola Great Britain as the scope of study. This study to a fault examines the level at which the recession prompted the sales in coca-cola and the consumers attitude towards the purchase of coca-cola.CHAPTER TWO2.0 Key Consumer demeanour AspectsThree key consumer aspects have been carefully selected from Jiang (2010) as explained in the Consumer demeanour Lectures the following aspect of the consumer behaviour may have influenced the continuous purchase of coca-cola products despite the economic downturn- the buying process, Attitude formation and Motivation.2.1 The Buying processA buying close making process is the selection of an option from two or more alternative choices (Jiang, 2010). Coca-colas consumers can be explained in Consumer as a Problem Solver (Habitual Decision Maker). A habilitateual decision maker makes choices that are characterised by an impulse made with little effort and without conscious control (Solomon et al, 2006). Coca-colas brands are low involvement products and so require little information take car e. around decisions made by people who consume coca-cola are with little or no conscious effort. Coca-cola consumers purchase Coke for example found on a habit that has been formed over time.Also the Evaluation of alternatives can be used to explain the brands resistance to the recession, much of the consumers effort that goes into a purchase decision develops at the stage in which a choice must be made from the accessible alternatives (Solomon et al, 2006). In many cases, there are a number of alternatives (such as water, soft drink or alcohol) a consumer could consider in satisfying a biogenic need, i.e. to conquer thirst. A consumer that has formed a habit overtime to purchase diet Coke for example will always have in mind a diet coke whenever hes thirsty(p). Branding can also be an influence on the evaluation of alternatives. In a survey of Global Brands, Inter Brand and Business Week identified the moment for companies to create communities around their products and service s, which gives the customers the opportunity to feel as if they own the brand (Solomon et al, 2006). Fill (2009) also supported that as a brand becomes established with a buyer, so the psychological benefits of ownership are preferred to competing offerings, and a form of relationship emerges Coke is not only seen as a drink by its consumers, but seen in the light of its heritage and relationship with them( Payne,2007). Brands also create impressions and strong feelings so much that when people see the coke nursing bottle with its red label, and the content, people suddenly feel thirsty and the need to have a drink (Riesenbeck and Perrey, 2007) According to Mintel, (2010), the Interbrand ranked Coca-cola as the number one global brand in the year 2009 and 2010 respectively. Brands can influence a consumers choice in a decision making process, in a study conducted, 51percent of consumers preferred Pepsi over Coke , while in an open test, only 23percent preferred Pepsi over coke(Jenk inson, 1995). In my opinion, Coca-cola consumers have developed a relationship with the brand, which makes them to choose coca-colas brands amongst all another(prenominal) alternatives even in a recession. The economic downturn did not affect consumers choices, habits did not change despite the recession coca-cola consumers did not change their product mouthfuls because a habit has been formed over time.Table 2.1 Buying Decision making processEvaluationsAfter purchase behaviour/feelingInvolvementInformation searchNeed recognitionNeedPurchaseDecisionIdentity AlternativesSource- (Jiang, 2010)2.2 Attitude FormationAttitude is a persons learned predisposition, tendency to respond to an object in a consistently favourable or unfavourable way (Allport, 1935) as cited by (Jiang, 2010). An attitude formed, lasts over a period of time, an attitude towards what a person eats or drink or developing an attitude towards different brands (such as drinking diet Coke rather than drinking diet Pepsi) or also having an attitude towards a general consumption pattern(such as eating twice to eating once in a day) (Solomon et al, 2006).The Utilitarian Function which is link to the basic principles of reward and punishment will be used to explain why TCCC was not entirely affected by recession. Attitudes are formed based on the presumed product qualities (either pleasure or pain) (Solomon et al, 2006). Attitudes influence a consumers decision making and the goal of a marketer is always to create a constructive attitude towards a product or change existing attitudes (Fill, 2009).In a recent research conducted by TCCC to evaluate consumers attitudes towards its brands, it revealed that coca-cola is the brand most associated with blessedness (Coca-cola, 2010). The result of the survey revealed that over a half of the people that participated in the research said its the taste that makes them smile others said sharing a bottle of coca-cola with family and friends can provide an opportunity to spend time together (Coca-cola, 2010). Coca-cola consumers have developed an attitude overtime, so the recession would not change their product preference but might just alter their consumption pattern (such as reducing the consumption of one three bottles per day to two bottles per day). The theme of the TCCC also stresses straight forward benefits (Coca-cola.Open Happiness). TCCC develops strategies to penetrate their consumers lifestyle to pass a message. In order to promote Coca-Cola Zero (one of Coca-Colas brands),TCCC partnered with the Twentieth Century Fox and director pile Camerons for his epic-adventure and blockbuster film Avatar. This promotional strategy helped to form an attitude towards Coca-Cola Zero and raise its awareness. They also use promotional activities and sponsorship of events such as sponsoring the premiership in England and Scotland to reach a large and well defined audience (football fans) and consumers attitude are formed through these sponsorships in making a purchase decision.Attitudes towards coca-cola could also be formed by the yearly coca-cola adverts, as supported by Pearce and Micheal (2006) aggressive marketing campaigns may be more effective during recessions, as competitors feeling the apprehension might attempt to forestall losses by reducing their advertising. During the recession, TCCC, engaged in massive paid advertising to reinforce their brands in the minds of the consumers. Also towards the end of each year, coca-cola does an advert, using the Christmas theme to convey its message to its viewers. The viewers feelings about the context in which an advertisement appears can also influence brand attitudes (Solomon et al, 2006). appetite this Christmas themed adverts would naturally link us to Attitude Formation (three hierarchies of effects), Affect, Behaviour and Beliefs. Affect (like the brand), behaviour (buy the brand), belief (feel satisfied with the brand) or belief (create awareness of the b rand), behaviour (buy the brand), affect (like the brand) or belief (create awareness of the brand), affect (like the brand), behaviour (buy the brand).Attitude formed over time influences a consumers purchase behaviour, in spite of the recession, it can be argued that the attitude of the TCCCs consumers did not change, and there was a continual process in consumers purchase pattern. Coca-cola was not so affected by the recession because of the consumers favourable attitudes towards their productsTable 2.2 Three Hierarchies of EffectsAttitudes based on cognitive information processingAffectAttitudes based on behavioural learning processesBehaviourBehaviourBehaviourBeliefsvvvBeliefsvvvBeliefsvvvAttitudes based on hedonic consumptionAffectAffectSource- (Jiang, 2010)2.3 MotivationMotivation is the driving force within individuals that impels them to action, this driving force is produced by a state of tension which exists as the result of an unfilled need (Jaing 2010). Every action is done for a reason. Motivation refers to the process that cause people to behave as they do, motivation occurs when a need (Utilitarian-consumers practical benefits or Hedonic-consumers emotional benefits) is aroused that the consumer wishes to satisfy. The desired end- state is the consumers goal. The degree of arousal is called a drive (Solomon et al, 2006). The employment of purchasing a drink would be to satisfy a biogenic need, i.e. to conquer thirst. For a consumer to now choose a diet coke because hes thirsty is called psychogenic. Coca-cola motivates its consumers through its themed message (Open Happiness), and this can be explained in the hedonic needs (Consumers emotional benefits) The survey TCCC conducted for their consumers shows that the taste of coca-cola makes them happy. What motivates a consumer might be different compared to the other consumer. A regular coke consumer willing to reduce his sugar consumption will be happy to switch to coke zero which has no sugar and less calories. According to British Soft Drinks Association, (2010), Consumers are loyal to the drinks they know and trust but remain open to innovative products and brand extensions which meet their ever-evolving needs. The industrys efficiency to provide the public with a wide range of enjoyable and affordable drinks will ensure it remains resilient despite the tough economic climate. TCCC also motivates its consumers by regularly innovating different products to suit specific needs, e.g. no sugar drink (Coke zero). Also viewing it from the Consumer involvement angle, TCCC also motivates its consumers by connecting with millions of them every day through their brands Facebook pages, Twitter and influential blogs, creating a dialogue that allows TCCC to build their brand assets and strengthen their consumer relationships. Solomon, (2006) defines involvement as a persons perceived relevance of the object based on his/her inherent needs, values, and interests. Through this Fans page on facebook and twitter, consumers can access their advertisements, Coca-Cola applications and downloads, and get live updates from the company. Also TCCC involves their consumers through the Coca-Cola Freestyle machine, this makes the consumers beverage innovators by giving them choices and configuration to make more than 100 different branded beverages at the touch of a button, this provides fun, and a relationship that connects the company with its consumers. (Coca-cola, 2010). TCCC motivates their consumers by associating with things that will be of interest to the consumers, for example on their website is a calculator used for checking amount of calories and quantity of drinks consumed every week so as to help consumers monitor their calorie intake in having a healthy diet and lifestyle. This can help motivate a consumer to purchase TCCCs product because they have shown the consumer the consumer that in as much as they want to make profit, they also care about them and their health. The recession did not really affect TCCCs sales because of the motivation TCCC tries to create and the relationship they have been able to build overtime with their consumers.CONCLUSION3.1 ConclusionUnderstanding consumers behaviour is key to having a successful company marketers need to deepen their research on their consumers because the consumers are becoming aware of the important role they play in their consumption pattern. Competitors are always also looking for tactics to grow and influence new consumers, and any organisation that does not meet up with consumers expectations would be losing a consumer. Companies should look for ways to retain their current customers and also focus on acquire new ones attracting new customers should be a priority in a recession (Pearce and Michael 2006). Organisations should actively engage their customers more than before.

A Guide on Search Engines :: Technology Computers Internet Essays

A Guide on Search Engines Hello and welcome. My name is Jane, and Im reporting to you live from Hollywood. I am sporting a lovely plum-colored sequence dress compliments of Bergdorf, and the jewelry I am seen wearing be from Tiffany & Co. Well ladies and gentlemen, enough about my lovely attire. The moment weve each(prenominal) been waiting for has come. Finally, movie critics from around the United States have gathered to criticize or glorify the upcoming movie, Search Engines. With the success this movie is supposed to receive, sequels are already being talked about. These types of movies cost millions of dollars every year to produce and maintain. As of today, the movie has generated millions of dollars through sponsored advertisements, and the owners of the production companies hope to sell even more ads in the upcoming months. Business in this type of industry is high. Every measure you blink, a nonher person is sending in their scripts to the production company , hoping their script gets chosen for review. on that point was some bribery reported earlier in the week, as top companies pushed their scripts ahead of the average person by paying the reviewers. This brings us back to the time when actual hard copies of encyclopedias competed to be the number nonpareil best seller. Since these encyclopedia space taker-uppers are being replaced by the coming of age search engines, argument for the highest grossing movie is becoming dangerously fierce. So much foul play occurs when scripts and company domination are at stake ladies and gentlemen. Today Im going to query some of the biggest names in the WWW, or whole wide world. Here with me today is Golden-Globe winner Ask Jeeves. Jeeves can always be picked out of a crowd because he always wears such early 90s clothing attire, including a bow tie and high waters. As you may or may not know, Ask Jeeves won his award through his portrayal of a money-hungry CEO of a top advertising compa ny. He is rated by movie critics as one the top 5 actors in the entire world. His role in Search Engines seems to be unlike any he has ever done before. This is so atypical of Ask Jeeves because he is so versatile and diverse, seemingly able to conquer and answer to any challenge set before him.

Reaction Rate Investigation :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Reaction Rate InvestigationPlanningI am trying to call on out the rate of reaction between marble chips(calcium carbonate) and Hydrochloric acid. This will be my plan of howto carry out my investigation.There are many factors, which I could adjustment in this experiment. Theseare1) Concentration. An increase in density means there are more(prenominal) particles. More particles means there will be more collisions.2) Surface Area. Breaking the solid into smaller pieces will increase the surface area exposed to the other reactant.3) Temperature. Increasing the temperature will cause the particles to break faster. When particles move faster, more collisions occur and the collisions are more violent. This should increase the reaction rate.All of these factors will affect the reaction rate, but I have decidedto mixed bag the concentration of Hydrochloric acid. This will determinethe rate of reaction by measuring the amount of Carbon Dioxide givenoff.As I will only smorgasbor d one factor, I will have to keep other factorsconstant. These will be -1) The temperature2) The size of the marble chip3) The same apparatus will be used throughout the experimentI predict that as the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases andit becomes more concentrated, the more Carbon Dioxide will be givenoff. As the concentration increases the chip will fizz more violently.When the concentration has been doubled, the reaction will havedoubled.The reaction rate can be increased if the concentration of thereactant is raised. As there are more particles to react with in ahigher concentration of acid, the chance of an effective collisiongoes up. I have performed homogeneous experiments and have acquired thisequationCalcium + Hydrochloric Calcium + Carbon + Water===============================================Carbonate Acid Chloride DioxideThe reaction rate is also known as the collision theory. This is whensuccessfully 2 particles collide with each other and give off asuccess ful product. This is as shown belowFor my experiment I will use 5 different concentrations ofhydrochloric acid. These are 0.5M 1M 1.5M 2M 2.